Adiaspiromycoses in Wild Rodents from the Pyrenees, Northeastern Spain.

Adiaspiromycosis is a nontransmissible infectious pulmonary disease caused by the inhalation of propagules from fungal species belonging to the family Ajellomicetaceae, especially Emergomyces crescens. Adiaspiromycosis caused by E. crescens has been recorded in a broad number of species worldwide, with small burrowing mammals being considered the main hosts for this environmental pathogen. Only a handful of studies on adiaspiromycosis in European wildlife has been published to date. We assessed the occurrence of adiaspiromycosis in wild rodents (Murinae and Arvicolinae) from the central Spanish Pyrenees (NE Spain). The lungs of 302 mice and 46 voles were screened for the presence of adiaspores through histopathologic examination. Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis was recorded in 21.6% of all individuals (75/348), corresponding to 63/299 wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and 12/40 bank voles (Myodes glareolus). Adiaspore burden varied highly between animals, with a mean of 0.19 spores/mm2 and a percentage of affected lung tissue ranging from <0.01% to >8%. These results show that the infection is present in wild rodents from the central Spanish Pyrenees. Although the impact of this infection on nonendangered species is potentially mild, it might contribute to genetic diversity loss in endangered species.

A simulação realística como ferramenta de avaliação de re- sidentes de enfermagem: um relato de experiência / Realistic simulation as a tool for evaluating nursing residents: an experience report

Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) é um modelo de avaliação com uma série de estações, nas quais o aluno deverá executar ações específicas que englobam competências. São avaliados comportamento, domínio e habilidades. Objetivo: relatar a utilização da simulação realística como ferramenta de avaliação de residentes de enfer- magem. Método: Estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, sobre o uso de um método de avaliação formativa utilizando a simulação realística em julho de 2023. Resultados: Foi realizada a observação direta das atividades desenvolvidas pelos residentes e preenchido o check list individual de cada cenário. Debriefing contribuiu com a discussão reflexiva em grupo. Conclusão: Ao acompanhar o desenvolvimento enquanto ele ocorre, a avaliação formativa com uso do método OSCE, possibilita perceber como o residente tem absorvido o saber, quais possíveis pontos de melhoria e se os objetivos estão sendo alcançados. A simulação utilizada como ferramenta pode complementar o treinamento prático em situa- ções clínicas reais.(AU)

Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is an assessment model with a series of stations in which the student must perform specific actions that encompass competencies. Behavior, mastery and skills are assessed. Objective: To report on the use of realistic simulation as an assessment tool for nursing residents. Method: This is a descriptive experience report on the use of a formative assessment method using realistic simulation in July 2023. Results: The activities carried out by the residents were directly observed and an individual checklist was completed for each scenario. Debriefing contributed to reflective group discussion. Conclusion: By monitoring development as it happens, formative assessment using the OSCE method makes it possible to see how the resident has absorbed the knowledge, what possible points for improvement and whether the objectives are being achieved. Simulation used as a tool can complement practical training in real clinical situations.(AU)

El Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado (ECOE) es un modelo de evaluación con una serie de estaciones en las que el estudiante debe realizar acciones específicas que engloban competencias. Se evalúan el comportamiento, el dominio y las habilidades. Objetivo: Informar sobre el uso de la simulación realista como herramienta de evaluación para residentes de enfermería. Método: Estudio descriptivo del uso de un método de evaluación formativa mediante simulación realista en julio de 2023. Resultados: Se observaron directamente las actividades realizadas por los residentes y se cumplimentó una lista de comprobación individual para cada escenario. El debriefing contribuyó a la discusión reflexiva en grupo. Conclusión: La evaluación formativa mediante el método OSCE permite, a través del seguimiento de la evolución a medida que ésta se produce, ver cómo el residente ha asimilado los conocimientos, cuáles son los posibles puntos de mejora y si se están alcanzando los objetivos. La simulación utilizada como herramienta puede complementar la formación práctica en situaciones clínicas reales.(AU)

Foodborne Pathogens at the Livestock-Wildlife-Human Interface in Rural Western Uganda.

Foodborne pathogens are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To assess the presence of Salmonella, Campylobacter and Arcobacter spp. in livestock, wildlife, and humans from different regions across western Uganda, 479 faecal samples were tested by PCR. Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. were more frequently detected in livestock (5.1% and 23.5%, respectively) compared to wildlife (1.9% and 16.8%, respectively). Wildlife from remote areas showed lower Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. occurrence than in areas where interactions with livestock are common, suggesting that spill-over may exist from livestock or humans. Further studies are needed to better understand the transmission dynamics of these pathogens at the wildlife-livestock-human interface in western Uganda.

The fecal bacterial microbiome of the Kuhl's pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus kuhlii) reflects landscape anthropogenic pressure.

BACKGROUND: Anthropogenic disturbance has the potential to negatively affect wildlife health by altering food availability and diet composition, increasing the exposure to agrochemicals, and intensifying the contact with humans, domestic animals, and their pathogens. However, the impact of these factors on the fecal microbiome composition of wildlife hosts and its link to host health modulation remains barely explored. Here we investigated the composition of the fecal bacterial microbiome of the insectivorous bat Kuhl's pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii) dwelling in four environmental contexts with different levels of anthropogenic pressure. We analyzed their microbiome composition, structure and diversity through full-length 16S rRNA metabarcoding using the nanopore long-read sequencer MinION™. We hypothesized that the bacterial community structure of fecal samples would vary across the different scenarios, showing a decreased diversity and richness in samples from disturbed ecosystems. RESULTS: The fecal microbiomes of 31 bats from 4 scenarios were sequenced. A total of 4,829,302 reads were obtained with a taxonomic assignment percentage of 99.9% at genus level. Most abundant genera across all scenarios were Enterococcus, Escherichia/Shigella, Bacillus and Enterobacter. Alpha diversity varied significantly between the four scenarios (p < 0.05), showing the lowest Shannon index in bats from urban and intensive agriculture landscapes, while the highest alpha diversity value was found in near pristine landscapes. Beta diversity obtained by Bray-Curtis distance showed weak statistical differentiation of bacterial taxonomic profiles among scenarios. Furthermore, core community analysis showed that 1,293 genera were shared among localities. Differential abundance analyses showed that the highest differentially abundant taxa were found in near pristine landscapes, with the exception of the family Alcaligenaceae, which was also overrepresented in urban and intensive agriculture landscapes. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that near pristine and undisturbed landscapes could promote a more resilient gut microbiome in wild populations of P. kuhlii. These results highlight the potential of the fecal microbiome as a non-invasive bioindicator to assess insectivorous bats' health and as a key element of landscape conservation strategies.

Eurasian griffon vultures carry widespread antimicrobial resistant Salmonella and Campylobacter of public health concern.

The global emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) strains of Salmonella and Campylobacter is a serious public health concern. Both bacteria are leading causes of human gastrointestinal foodborne infections and the two most reported zoonoses in the European Union. By feeding on livestock carcasses, especially from intensive farming, as well as on landfill sites, obligate avian scavengers can become infected with zoonotic pathogens and AMR strains, and can be considered large-scale sentinels of the environmental burden. In this study, we assessed the occurrence and AMR of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in 218 Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) captured in north-eastern Spain. We isolated Salmonella from 8.1 % of individuals and Campylobacter lari from 4.7 %. Among the 10 different Salmonella serovars found, monophasic S. Typhimurium was the most frequent. Genotyping analysis revealed same strains of monophasic S. Typhimurium shared by gulls, livestock and humans. Isolates from both bacterial species presented AMR to important antimicrobials (tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and ß-lactams). In conclusion, this study shows that Eurasian griffon vultures in north-eastern Spain are carriers of widespread AMR zoonotic Salmonella and Campylobacter. More comprehensive analyses are still needed to understand the potential risk of spill-over from those wild birds to humans.

The meaning of life after a suicide attempt.

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the meaning of life after a suicide attempt experience provides greater knowledge about the process of resignification, connections and commitment to life, which can be useful in different therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE: Understand the meaning of life after a suicide attempt. METHOD: Qualitative study with eight Brazilian adults assisted in mental health service. The data were collected in 2018 by semi-strutured interviews and group meetings that used artistic resources to facilitate expression.The Symbolic Interactionism was the theoretical reference used and the data were submitted to thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three themes were identified: "Searches in the affective, relational and spiritual field" (manifestations of affection, zeal, understanding and welcome and seemed to increase the link and commitment to life, as well as the openness to resignify it); "Life and the constancy of impermanence" (life as an alternation between weakness and strength, crisis and well-being, problems and overcoming); and "Discoveries and relationship with one's own self" (a self previously self-destructive could be resigned as capable of overcoming, resisting and developing resilience). CONCLUSIONS: The study provides important insights to be addressed in clinical practice, in the protocol design, institutional policies, as well as in the training of professionals.

Hotspot of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Seropositivity in Wildlife, Northeastern Spain.

We conducted a serosurvey for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in various wildlife species in Catalonia, northeastern Spain. We detected high seroprevalence in southern Catalonia, close to the Ebro Delta wetland, a key stopover for birds migrating from Africa. Our findings could indicate that competent virus vectors are present in the region.

Molecular Detection and Identification of Chlamydiaceae in the Eyes of Wild and Domestic Ruminant Hosts from Northern Spain.

Infections by Chlamydiae are associated with ocular disease in humans and animals. In this study, the presence and diversity of Chlamydia spp. was assessed in diseased and healthy eyes of domestic sheep and wild ruminants that share mountain habitats in northern Spain. The presence of Chlamydia spp. was tested by real-time PCR in 1786 conjunctival swabs collected from both eyes of 893 animals from mountain habitats in northern Spain, and chlamydial species were identified in the positive samples by ArrayTube microarray methods. Chlamydial DNA was detected in 0.6% (CI95% 0.2-1.3) of the Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) and 1.4% (CI95% <0.01-8.1) of the sheep (Ovis aries) sampled, with Chlamydia pecorum the only chlamydial species identified. No association of C. pecorum with ocular disease or co-infection with Mycoplasma conjunctivae was found. Further studies on the pathogenesis of infectious keratoconjunctivitis are needed to better understand the ecology of C. pecorum and its possible role as a ruminant pathogen at the wildlife-livestock interface.

Assessing the role of livestock and sympatric wild ruminants in spreading antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter and Salmonella in alpine ecosystems.

BACKGROUND: Livestock play an important role as reservoir of enteric pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a health and economic concern worldwide. However, little is known regarding the transmission and maintenance of these pathogens at the wildlife-livestock interface. In this study, we assessed the occurrence, genetic diversity and AMR of Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. shed by sympatric free-ranging livestock and a wild herbivore in an alpine ecosystem. RESULTS: Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 23.3 % of cattle and 7.7 % of sheep but was not isolated from horses nor Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica). Campylobacter jejuni was the most frequent species. A high genetic diversity and certain host specificity of C. jejuni isolates was observed. The main AMR detected in Campylobacter isolates was to nalidixic acid (88.2 %), ciprofloxacin (82.4 %) and tetracycline (82.4 %); only 11.7 % of the isolates were pan-susceptible and 17.6 % were multi-resistant. Salmonella ser. Newport was isolated only from one Pyrenean chamois and was pan-susceptible. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that free-ranging cattle and sheep are spreaders of Campylobacter as well as their AMR strains in the alpine environment. Therefore, contaminated alpine pastures or streams may constitute a source for the dissemination of AMR enteropathogens. However, apparently, alpine wild ungulates such as Pyrenean chamois play a negligible role in the epidemiology of zoonotic enteropathogens and AMR, and are not potential bioindicators of the burden of alpine environments.

A experiência da tentativa de suicídio na perspectiva de adultos / An attempted suicide from an adult's perspective / La experiencia del intento de suicidio desde la perspectiva de los adultos

OBJETIVO: analisar a experiência da tentativa de suicídio na perspectiva de adultos que tentaram suicídio. MÉTODO: estudo qualitativo com oito adultos brasileiros assistidos em serviço de saúde mental. Os dados foram coletados em 2018 por entrevistas semidirigidas sobre a experiência da tentativa de suicídio e encontros grupais. O Interacionismo Simbólico foi o referencial teórico utilizado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática. RESULTADOS: identificamos três temas: Ambiente intrapsíquico: representação e comunicação com o self (generalização de fracassos e expectativas negativas na construção de significados atribuídos ao self, à vida e às relações); Relações interpessoais (necessidade de vínculo, pertença, reconhecimento, acolhimento e sentirem necessários para outras pessoas); e Representações da tentativa de suicídio: a fuga e o encontro com a dor (a tentativa de suicídio é motivada pelo desejo de aliviar a dor, mas resulta no encontro com a dor, e instiga a busca por novos métodos, a evitação do suicídio por medo ou a reconstrução de significados). CONCLUSÃO: o estudo fornece importantes achados a serem explorados na prática clínica, no delineamento de protocolos, políticas institucionais, bem como na formação de profissionais.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the experience of attempted suicide from the perspective of adults who attempted suicide. METHOD: a qualitative study with eight Brazilian adults assisted in a mental health service. Data was collected in 2018 through semi-directed interviews about the experience of the suicide attempt and group meetings. Symbolic Interactionism was the theoretical framework used. Data was submitted to thematic analysis. RESULTS: we identified three themes: Intrapsychic environment: representation and communication with the self (generalization of failures and negative expectations in the construction of meanings attributed to the self, life and relationships); Interpersonal relationships (need to bond, belong, recognize, welcome and feel necessary for other people); and Representations of the suicide attempt: escape and the encounter with pain (the suicide attempt is motivated by the desire to relieve pain, but results in the encounter with pain, and instigates the search for new methods, the avoidance of suicide for fear or the reconstruction of meanings). CONCLUSION: the study provides important findings to be explored in the clinical practice, in the design of protocols, institutional policies, as well as in the qualification of the professionals.

OBJETIVO: analizar la experiencia del intento de suicidio la perspectiva de los adultos que intentaron suicidarse. MÉTODO: estudio cualitativo con ocho adultos brasileños asistidos en un servicio de salud mental. Los datos se recopilaron en 2018, entrevistas semidirigidas sobre experiencia del intento de suicidio y las reuniones grupales. Se utilizó el marco teórico del interaccionismo simbólico. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis temático. RESULTADOS: identificamos tres temas: Entorno intrapsíquico: representación y comunicación con el "yo" (generalización de fracasos y expectativas negativas en la construcción de significados atribuidos al yo, la vida y las relaciones); Relaciones interpersonales (necesidad de establecer vínculo, pertenencia, reconocimiento, aceptación y de sentirse necesario para otras personas); Representaciones del intento de suicidio: la fuga y el encuentro con el dolor (el intento de suicidio está motivado por el deseo de aliviar el dolor, pero resulta en el encuentro con el dolor e instiga a la búsqueda de nuevos métodos, la evitación de suicidio por miedo o la reconstrucción de significados). CONCLUSIONES: el estudio brinda hallazgos importantes que deben ser explorados por la práctica clínica, en el diseño de protocolos, políticas institucionales, así como en la capacitación de profesionales.

Levantamento dos custos do diagnóstico e tratamento oncológico no paciente idoso / List of the costs of diagnosis and oncological treatment in the elderly patient / Lista de los costos de diagnóstico y tratamiento oncológico en el paciente mayor

Objetivo: investigar o custeio do diagnóstico e tratamento de câncer em idosos de um Centro Oncológico de Minas Gerais. Método: Os dados foram coletados através de fonte secundária do Registro Hospitalar do Câncer, de um Hospital Filantrópico do Interior de Minas Gerais, entre o ano de 2009 a 2016, com uma amostra de 3.666 idosos em tratamento oncológico. A análise dos resultados foi feita por meio de estatística descritiva simples. Todos os aspectos éticos foram resguardados. Resultados: Entre as principais fontes de diagnóstico das neoplasias destaca-se a histologia do tumor, correspondendo a 85,50%. Quanto ao custeio do diagnóstico e tratamento, em 25,09% e 86,05% dos casos, respectivamente, foram custeados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Conclusão: é importante ressaltar que o diagnóstico e tratamento precoce aumentam as chances de cura e que o Sistema Único de Saúde cobre a maioria dos custos, tornando possíveis as intervenções apropriadas para estes pacientes.(AU)

Objective: to investigate the cost of diagnosing and treating cancer in the elderly of an Oncology Center in Minas Gerais. Method: Data were collected through a secondary source of the Hospital Cancer Registry, from a Philanthropic Hospital in the Interior of Minas Gerais, between 2009 and 2016, with a sample of 3,666 elderly people undergoing cancer treatment. The results were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. All ethical aspects were safeguarded. Results: Among the main sources of diagnosis of neoplasms, the histology of the tumor stands out, corresponding to 85.50%. As for the cost of diagnosis and treatment, 25.09% and 86.05% of cases, respectively, were covered by the Unified Health System. Conclusion: it is important to note that early diagnosis and treatment increase the chances of cure and that Unified Health System covers most costs, making appropriate interventions for these patients possible.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar el costo del diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer en ancianos de un Centro de Oncología en Minas Gerais. Método: Los datos se recolectaron a través de una fuente secundaria del Registro Hospitalario de Cáncer, de un Hospital Filantrópico del Interior de Minas Gerais, entre 2009 y 2016, con una muestra de 3,666 ancianos en tratamiento oncológico. Los resultados se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva simple. Se salvaguardaron todos los aspectos éticos. Resultados: Entre las principales fuentes de diagnóstico de neoplasias destaca la histología del tumor, correspondiente al 85,50%. En cuanto al costo del diagnóstico y tratamiento, el 25,09% y el 86,05% de los casos, respectivamente, fueron cubiertos por el Sistema Único de Salud. Conclusión: es importante señalar que el diagnóstico y el tratamiento precoces aumentan las posibilidades de curación y que Unified Health System cubre la mayoría de los costos, haciendo posibles las intervenciones adecuadas para estos pacientes.(AU)

Percepções de um grupo de voluntários frente ao trabalho com pacientes oncológicos / Perceptions of a group of volunteers of the work with oncological patients

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percepção de um grupo de voluntários frente ao trabalho com pacientes oncológicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva-exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. A população do estudo foi constituída por voluntários do Expresso Alegria. Foram selecionados voluntários que vão frequentemente às visitas hospitalares, pelo menos uma vez ao mês e que não estejam em fase de treinamento. A coleta de dados ocorreu após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, por meio de um questionário aberto. A investigação foi realizada em três etapas: reunião com o responsável do Expresso Alegria; abordagem individual para formalização do convite e coleta de dados. Foram entrevistados nove participantes. Para interpretação, os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A partir dos resultados foram elaboradas três categorias empíricas. O estudo apresentou a importância do trabalho voluntário no tratamento dos pacientes oncológicos, levando alegria, conforto e humanização ao ambiente. (AU)

This study aimed to analyze the perception of a group of volunteers regarding the work with cancer patients. It is a descriptive-exploratory research, with a qualitative approach. The study population consisted of volunteers from Expresso Alegria. The volunteers selected were those who frequently go to hospital visits, at least once a month, and who are not undergoing training. Data collection took place after approval by the Research Ethics Committee, through an open questionnaire. The investigation was carried out in three stages: meeting with the head of Expresso Alegria; individual approach to formalize the invitation and collect data. Nine participants were interviewed. For interpretation, data were submitted to Bardin's content analysis. From the results, three empirical categories were elaborated. The study showed the importance of voluntary work in the treatment of cancer patients, as they bring joy, comfort and humanization to the environment. (AU)

Direito à saúde das pessoas LGBTQ+ em privação de liberdade: o que dizem as políticas sociais de saúde no Brasil? / Right to health of LGBTQ+ peopledeprived of freedom: what dosocial health policies say in Brazil? / Derecho a la salud de las personas LGBTQ+ en privación de libertad: ¿qué dicen las políticas de salud social en Brasil?

Objetivo: debater a realidade da garantia da assistência à saúde de pessoas LGBTQ+ enquanto luta pela solidificação dos direitos humanos frente às políticas públicas de saúde no sistema prisional brasileiro. Metodologia: revisão bibliográfica e documental, analisando livros, artigos e documentos oficiais do governo. Resultados: as pessoas LGBTQ+, minorias políticas, foram, historicamente, colocados à margem dos meios sociais, como família, escola, trabalho, lazer, acesso à justiça e à saúde, encontrando nas vivências periféricas, prostituição e criminalidade, os espaços restantes à abjeção e à negação de seus corpos e estilos/modos de vida. Ao deparar-se com essa população no sistema prisional, esses indivíduos são mantidos sobre as mesmas condições de vulnerabilidade, acrescidas de diversas outras privações instituídas nesse local social. Assim, há a limitação de direitos básicos, destacando-se o direito à saúde, marcas permanentes de desigualdade, marginalização e precariedade de recursos para construção de políticas públicas, apontando uma tripla carga de privação de direitos: direito de ser quem são; direito de estarem onde estão; direito de receberem o que necessitam. Conclusões: no sistema prisional, devem-se considerar aspectos da saúde sexual e reprodutiva, direitos sociais, civis e políticos dessas pessoas. O acesso aos serviços de saúde, tanto nas questões de prevenção quanto nas de tratamento, deve ser assegurado, corroborando com a autonomia dos indivíduos no tocante à vivência da sua sexualidade e de seu gênero, sem discriminação, negligência ou violência. Assegurar esses aspectos é entender que um princípio fundamental do Estado é, sobretudo, fazer viver.

Objective: discussthe reality of ensuring the health care of LGBTQ + people while striving for solidification of human rights against public health policies in the brazilian prison system. Methodology:theoretical research, analyzing books, articles and official documents of the government. Results:LGBTQ+ people, political minorities, have historically been placed on the sidelines of social media, such as family, school, work, leisure, access to justice and health, finding in peripheral experiences, prostitution and crime, the remaining spaces to abjection and the denial of their bodies and styles/ways of life. When we encounter this Population in the prison system, even institutionalized-understate protection, these subjects continue to be suffering, with their bodies and souls vulnerable and vulnerability. Thus, in extra environments as intrentrals, there is limitation of basic rights, highlighting the right to health, permanent marks of inequality, marginalization and precariousness of resources for the construction of public policies, pointing a triple burden of deprivation of rights: right to be who they are; right to be where they are; right to receive what they need. Conclusion:in the prison system, aspects of sexual and reproductive health, social, civil and political rights these people should be considered. Access to health services, both in prevention and treatment issues, should be ensured, as well as to ensure the autonomy individuals in relation to the experience of their sexuality and gender, without discrimination, neglect and violence.To ensure these aspects is to understand that a fundamental principle of the State is, aboveall, to live.

Objetivo:discutir la realidad de garantizar la atención sanitaria de las personas LGBTQ+ mientras lucha por la solidificación de los derechos humanos contra las políticas de salud pública en el sistema penitenciario brasileño. Metodología:investigación teórica, análisis de libros, artículos y documentos oficiales del gobierno. Resultados:las personas LGBTQ+, minorías políticas, históricamente se han puesto al margen de las redes sociales, como la familia, la escuela, el trabajo, el ocio, el acceso a lajusticia y lasalud, la búsqueda de experiencias periféricas, la prostitución y lo crimen, los espacios restantes a la objeción y la negación de sus cuerpos y estilos/formas de vida. Cuando nos encontramos cones población el sistema penitenciario, incluso institucionalizado bajo protección estatal, estos sujetos siguen sufriendo, con sus cuerpos y almas vulnerables y vulnerabilizados. Así que, dentro y fuera de las prisiones, existe una limitación de los derechos básicos, destacando el derecho a lasalud, las marcas permanentes de desigualdad, la marginación y la precariedad de los recursos para la construcción de políticas públicas, señalando una triple carga de privación de derechos: Derecho a ser quienes son; Derecho a estar donde estan; Derecho a recibirlo que necesitan. Conclusión:en El sistema penitenciario, deben considerarse aspectos de la salud sexual y reproductiva, los derechos sociales, civiles y políticos de estas personas. Debegarantizarseelacceso a losservicios de salud, tanto enmateria de prevención como de tratamiento, así como garantizarlaautonomía de las personas enrelaciónconlaexperiencia de susexualidad y su género, sindiscriminación, negligencia o violencia. Garantizar estos aspectos es entender que un principio fundamental del Estado es, sobre todo, te hacen vivir.

Cortisol reactivity to a psychosocial stressor significantly increases the risk of developing Cognitive Impairment no Dementia five years later.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients show high cortisol levels suggesting that biological mediators of stress may play a role in the neurodegenerative process of cognitive disorders. However, there is no consensus as to whether cortisol concentrations represent a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. We analyzed the potential association between the incidence of cognitive impairment and cortisol concentrations under basal and acute stress conditions in 129 individuals aged 50 years or older, with preserved cognitive and functional abilities. All participants were recruited in 2011 for assessment of cognitive performance and cortisol levels. Cortisol was analyzed in saliva samples collected during two typical and consecutive days, in the morning, afternoon, and night, and also during exposure to an acute psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test - TSST). After a five-year follow-up, 69 of these volunteers were reassessed for cognitive performance, functional evaluation, memory complaints, and depression. The incidence of cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND) was 26.1 %, and was positively associated with greater TSST-induced cortisol release (responsiveness) [(95 % CI = 1.001-1.011; B = 0.006), p = 0.023]. Moreover, five years before diagnosis, participants who later developed CIND had greater responsiveness to TSST (p = 0.019) and lower cortisol awakening response (CAR: p = 0.018), as compared to those who did not develop CIND. These findings suggest that higher psychosocial stress responsiveness profiles may represent a preclinical sign of cognitive impairment.

Porcine circovirus 3 is highly prevalent in serum and tissues and may persistently infect wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa).

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) prevalence has been minimally investigated in wild boar; dynamics of infection and viral tissue distribution are currently unknown. In this study, serum samples from 518 wild boar (from years 2004 to 2018) were used to study frequency of infection. Also, serum samples from 19 boar captured and recaptured at least two times for a period of time from 1 month to 1 year were collected to determine PCV-3 infection dynamics. Finally, to elucidate PCV-3 DNA organic distribution, sera, different tissues and faeces were obtained from 35 additional wild boar. PCV-3 DNA was extracted and amplified with a conventional PCR. For the PCV-3 PCR-positive sera from the longitudinally sampled and different tissue types, a quantitative PCR was performed. Genome sequence was obtained from a number of PCV-3 PCR-positive samples from different years, different time-points of infection and tissues. Obtained results confirmed the susceptibility of wild boar to the virus, showing high frequency of PCV-3 detection (221 out of 518, 42.66%) and demonstrating circulation at least since 2004. Compiled data indicate the possibility of long-term infections, since 5 out of 10 PCV-3 PCR-positive boars longitudinally sampled showed positivity in samplings separated for more than 5 months. All tested tissue types' harboured PCV-3 genome, with the highest percentage of PCR positivity in submandibular lymph node, tonsil, lung, liver, spleen and kidney. The amount of DNA in all tested PCV-3 PCR-positive samples was moderate to low. All partial and complete PCV-3 sequences obtained from wild boar displayed high nucleotide identity, higher than 98%. In conclusion, this study further confirms that wild boar is susceptible to PCV-3 infection, showing high frequency of detection in this animal species. Furthermore, PCV-3 can be found in different tissues of wild boar and is apparently able to cause persistent infection.

Reflexões acerca do panorama de consumo de álcool e/ou outras drogas entre estudantes universitários / Reflexiones sobre el panorama del consumo de alcohol y otras drogas entre estudiantes universitarios / Reflections about the panorama of consumption of alcohol and/or other drugs among university students

Objetivo: Refletir acerca do panorama de consumo de álcool e/ou outras drogas entre estudantes universitários e suas implicações na vida acadêmica e pessoal desses estudantes. Método: Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica, construída com base na leitura de estudos científicos atuais que atendem à seguinte questão norteadora: Qual o panorama de consumo de álcool e/ou outras drogas entre estudantes universitários? Os artigos analisados levaram à concretização da seguinte categoria: "Panorama de consumo de álcool e/ou outras drogas entre estudantes universitários. Resultados: Verificou-se que o álcool foi a droga de maior consumo entre os estudantes. Embora exista uma preocupação entre os pesquisadores em relação ao uso de álcool e/ou outras drogas entre universitários ficou evidente que o início do consumo dessas substâncias entre universitários não se encontra, necessariamente, vinculado ao ingresso na universidade. Conclusão: Constatou-se o uso cada vez mais excessivo de substâncias psicoativas entre os jovens universitários, sendo preciso que a universidade cumpra seu papel, criando políticas efetivas para o enfrentamento das questões referentes ao uso de álcool e/ou outras drogas, com vistas às ações de prevenção e de tratamento, que contemplem as reais necessidades dos jovens universitários, sem nenhum tipo de discriminação.

Objective: to reflect about the panorama of consumption of alcohol and/or other drugs among college students and its implications in their academic and personal life. Method: theoretical reflection, based on the reading of current scientific studies that answer the following guiding question: What is the panorama of alcohol and/or other drugs consumption among university students? The articles analyzed led to the implementation of the following category: "Panorama of consumption of alcohol and/or other drugs among college students. Results: it was found that alcohol was the major drug consumed by students. Although there is a concern among researchers concerning the use of alcohol and/or other drugs among university students, it was evident that the beginning of the consumption of these substances by college students is not necessarily linked to the University. Conclusion: there have been increasingly excessive use of psychoactive drugs among university students, and the University fulfill your role by creating effective policies to deal with the issues relating to the use of alcohol and/or other drugs, with actions related to prevention and treatment related to the real needs of the young university students, without any discrimination.

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre el panorama del consumo de alcohol y otras drogas entre estudiantes universitarios y sus implicaciones en la vida personal y académica de estos estudiantes. Método: Se trata de una reflexión teórica, construida con base en la lectura de estudios científicos actuales que atienden la siguiente cuestión orientadora: ¿Cuál es el panorama de consumo de alcohol y / o otras drogas entre estudiantes universitarios? Los artículos analizados condujeron a la aplicación de la siguiente categoría: "Panorama del consumo de alcohol y otras drogas entre estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: se encontró que el consumo de alcohol era lo mayor entre los estudiantes. Aunque haya una preocupación entre los investigadores sobre el uso de alcohol y otras drogas entre estudiantes de Universidades, es evidente que el inicio del consumo de estas sustancias entre los estudiantes universitarios no está necesariamente vinculado a las Universidades. Conclusión: ha habido el uso cada vez más excesivo de drogas psicoactivas entre estudiantes de las Universidades. Ellas cumplen con su rol social mediante la creación de políticas eficaces para abordar las cuestiones relacionadas con el uso de alcohol y otras drogas, con vistas a acciones de prevención y tratamiento, necesidades reales de los jóvenes universitarios, sin discriminación alguna

Pensar o gênero: diálogos com o Serviço Social / Thinking gender: dialogues with Social Work

Resumo O artigo apresenta as três abordagens sobre gênero mais comuns nas pesquisas no campo do Serviço Social brasileiro. São elas: o marxismo, as relações sociais de sexo e a interseccionalidade. Enquanto as duas primeiras são mais recorrentes, a última começa a adentrar as produções da área. O texto discute cada uma, mostra suas potencialidades e limites e estabelece algumas conexões entre elas. Por fim, aponta para lacunas presentes nas investigações sobre gênero no Serviço Social.

Abstract The article presents the three most common approaches to gender in research in the field of Brazilian social service. They are: Marxism, social relations of sex and intersectionality. While the first two are more recurring, the latter begins to enter the productions of the area. The text discusses each of them, shows their potentialities and limits and establishes some connections between them. Lastly, it points to gaps in the investigation of gender in social work.

Significado da droga para universitárias / Meaning of drugs for university

Objetivo: compreender o significado da droga entre universitárias. Método: estudo qualitativo, respaldado na abordagem teórico-metodológica Etnografia fundamentada na Antropologia Interpretativa de Geertz. Fizeram parte deste estudo 19 universitárias de uma instituição pública de ensino. Resultados: da interpretação dos dados, emergiram os seguintes temas >, >. O álcool, o tabaco e os inalantes foram citados como não sendo drogas. Fizeram a distinção entre “droga forte” e “droga fraca” até então não evidenciados em outros estudos. Conclusão: embora, para o senso comum, o ingresso no ensino superior esteja relacionado ao crescimento profissional, existe um outro lado que as instituições de ensino não podem negligenciar. Compete à universidade a educação não apenas para a autonomia profissional, mas também para o respeito pelas escolhas e o acolhimento, a escuta e os encaminhamentos.

Association between perceived psychological stress and cognitive decline in aging: a systematic review protocol.

REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to identify, appraise and synthesize the best available evidence on the association between perceived psychological stress and cognitive decline in aging.

Association between heavy metal exposure and poor working memory and possible mediation effect of antioxidant defenses during aging.

BACKGROUND: Inverse associations have been observed between memory performance and blood concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Low antioxidant cell activity has also been linked to decline in memory due to aging. However, it has not yet been established whether the heavy metal-memory relationship is mediated by differences in antioxidant activity. METHODS: We examined Cd and Pb levels, as well as oxidative stress parameters, in blood samples from 125 older adults (age range 50-82years). The Counting Span Test (CST) was used to evaluate working memory capacity (WMC). The Monte Carlo Method for Assessing Mediation (MCMAM) was used to analyze the mediation role of antioxidant activity in the heavy metals-memory association. RESULTS: High blood Cd (BCd) concentration alone, and in combination with elevated blood Pb (BPb) concentration, was associated with poor WMC (p≤0.001) and low enzymatic antioxidant defenses (p≥0.006). The variance in WMC accounted for by BCd or by BCd combine with BPb was 20.6% and 18.6%, respectively. The MCMAM revealed that the influence of BCd and BPb concentrations on WMC was mediated by low antioxidant capacity (confidence interval - CI: 0.072 to -0.064 for BCd; CI: -0.062 to -0.045 for BPb). CONCLUSION: These findings showed Pb and Cd blood concentration in older adults, even at levels below the current recommended threshold, was negatively associated with WMC and that this relationship may be partly mediated by low antioxidant defenses. Knowledge on the environmental factors that negatively influence brain and cognition during aging can help inform public policy strategies to prevent and control the adverse effects of environmental contaminant exposure during aging.